Tasmania is a significant agricultural exporter, as well as a significant destination for eco-tourism. Today, Tasmania has the smallest economy of the Australian states and territories, which is generated by of tourism, agriculture and aquaculture, education and healthcare. In 1901 it became a state of Australia through the process of the federation of Australia. In 1855 the present Constitution of Tasmania was enacted, and the following year the colony formally changed its name to Tasmania. Approximately 80,000 convicts were sent to Van Diemen's Land before this practice, known as transportation, ceased in 1853. Under British rule the island was initially part of the Colony of New South Wales but became a separate colony under the name Van Diemen's Land (named after Anthony van Diemen) in 1825. The conflict, which peaked between 18 and led to more than three years of martial law, cost the lives of almost 1,100 Aboriginal people and settlers. The Aboriginal population is estimated to have been between 3,000 and 7,000 at the time of British settlement, but was almost wiped out within 30 years during a period of conflicts with settlers known as the " Black War" and the spread of infectious diseases. The island was permanently settled by Europeans in 1803 as a penal settlement of the British Empire to prevent claims to the land by the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. It is thought that Aboriginal Tasmanians became separated from the mainland Aboriginal groups about 11,700 years ago, after rising sea levels formed Bass Strait. Tasmania's main island was inhabited by Aboriginal peoples. This makes it Australia's most decentralised state. The state capital and largest city is Hobart, with around 40 percent of the population living in the Greater Hobart area. It is Australia's least populous state, with 569,825 residents as of December 2021. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 1000 islands. It is located 240 kilometres (150 miles) to the south of the Australian mainland, separated from it by the Bass Strait, with the archipelago containing the southernmost point of the country. Tasmania ( / t æ z ˈ m eɪ n i ə/ Palawa kani: lutruwita ) is an island state of Australia. Bottle Green (PMS 342), Yellow (PMS 114), & Maroon (PMS 194)
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